Celebración Dos Años de mi Blog - 23 (pronunciación de ough/ought)

Celebración de Dos Años de mi Blog- 23 (pronunciación de ough/ought)
http://sanchezbenedito.blogspot.com.es/2013/08/pronunciacion-de-la-grafia-ough.html

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Celebración Dos Años de mi Blog- 16 (pronunciación de ou/our)

Celebración Dos Años de mi Blog (pronunciación de ou/our)
http://sanchezbenedito.blogspot.com.es/2014/02/preparing-for-oposiciones-pronunciacion.html

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preparing for the 'oposiciones': pronunciation of i/y, ir/yr

Pronunciación de las grafías i/y

Nota: Nos referimos a la y vocálica; la y consonántica se pronuncia siempre /j/: year /jI@/, yield  /ji:ld/, etc.

GRAFÍAS i/y

/aI/ : Bible, file, strife, blind, sign, sigh, dry, type, island, spider, etc.

/I/ : big, ill, mill, trip, lift, give, sin, grist, oxygen, rhythm, etc.

/i/ : any, easy, happy, body, pretty, taxi, etc.

/i:/: magazine, submarine, antique, intrigue, machine, etc.

/@/ : raisin, pencil, cousin, devil, medicine, etc. 

/-/ : business, medicine, etc.

GRAFÍAS ir/yr

/3:/ : bird, birth, circus, dirt, third, virtue, myrtle, etc.

/I@/ : emir, fakir, souvenir, etc.

/@/ : elixir

EJERCICIO

Clasifica las siguientes palabras, según se pronuncien las grafías i/y, ir/yr:

strip, stripe, birch, simple, delight, unique, fakir, wind (dar cuerda), triple, tyrant, myrrh, stir, ski, sky, army, flint, bind, live (en directo), cousin, ordinary, morphine, mercy, alibi, khaki, evil, anvil, anybody, benign, souvenir, symbol, squirm, martyr, limb, marine

CLAVE

/aI/ : stripe, delight, wind (dar cuerda), tyrant, sky, bind, live (en directo), alibi, benign

/I/ : strip, simple, triple, flint, symbol, limb, 

/i/ : ski, army, mercy, khaki, anybody

/i:/: unique, morphine, marine

/3:/ : birch, myrrh, stir, squirm

/I@/ : fakir, souvenir

/@/ :  cousin, evil, martyr, anvil (tamb. /I/)

/-/ : ordinary

Para la pronunciación de otras grafías, ver mi Manual de Pronunciación Inglesa Comparada con la Española, 5ª ed-, ed. Comares, pp. 213-241.

      

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Preparing for the 'oposiciones': ejercicios fonéticos

EJERCICIO 1

Completar con palabras que contengan /S/ o /tS/, según convenga:

a) Will you pay c______ or by _______?

    b) Can you do the d______ while I w______ the clothes?

    c) The fisherman wants to c______  a big f______.

    d) The w_______ granted her three wishes.

EJERCICIO 2

Indicar cuáles de estas palabras se pronuncian con /g/, cuáles con /dZ/ y cuáles con /Z/:

mirage; target; ginger; virgin; beggar; prestige; linger; gimlet; suggest; giddy; manage; gimmick; gilt; garage; gypsy; garbage; beige; bourgeois; giggle; Egypt.

CLAVE

Ejercicio 1 

a.- cash/cheque; b.- dishes/wash; c.- catch/fish; d.- witch

Ejercicio 2

/g/  target; beggar; linger; gimlet; giddy; gimmick; gilt; giggle

/dZ/ ginger; virgin; suggest; manage; garage (IBr); gypsy; garbage; Egypt

/Z/ mirage; prestige; garage (IAm); beige; bourgeois.

Para más ejercicios fonéticos, ver mi Manual de Pronunciación Inglesa Comparada con la Española, ed. Comares, pp. 291-299.

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Preparing for the 'oposiciones': Spelling and pronunciation

Spelling and pronunciation

One of the most striking characteristics of English is the lack of correspondence between spelling and pronunciation. In ordinary orthography, the same letter can represent a variety of sounds, and different letters, alone or in combination, can represent the same sound. Take, for instance, the sequence ough, which can convey at least nine different sounds, as in dough, bough, lough, ought, cough, hiccough, rough, through and  thorough. Likewise, the graphemes e, ee, ea and ie can serve to represent one and the same phoneme in the words be, feel, pea and field. To highlight the absurdities of English spelling, the famous Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw was reportedly fond of pointing out that fish might just as well be spelt ghoti. The rationale was very simple: gh as in tough, o as in women, and ti as in nation.
Among the major reasons for this inconsistency is that the English spelling system has remained relatively static since printing was introduced in 15th-century England, while pronunciation has changed a great deal since then. As a result, most English words carry, as it were, remnants of their original pronunciation in their spellings. Another reason is to be found in the plethora of loanwords that have entered English, and which have in turn carried with them unconventional phoneme combinations and exotic letter sequences. This state of affairs is perfectly illustrated by the following anonymous poem:

When the English tongue we speak,
Why is break not rhymed with freak?
Will you tell me why it's true
We say sew but likewise few?
And the maker of a verse
Cannot cap his horse with worse;
Beard sounds not the same as heard;
Cord is different from word;
Cow is cow but low is low;
Shoe is never rhymed with foe;
Think of hose and dose and lose;
And think of goose and not of choose;
Think of comb and tomb and bomb;
Doll and roll, home and some;
And since pay is rhymed with say,
Why not paid and said, I pray?
We have blood and food and good;
Mould is not pronounced like could:
Wherefore done but gone and lone?
Is there any reason known?
And in short it seems to me
Sounds and letters disagree.

It is therefore no wonder that the spelling of present-day English has become something of a nightmare for native speakers and foreign learners alike. Indeed, students whose first language follows very closely the ALPHABETICAL PRINCIPLE of one grapheme per phoneme and one phoneme per grapheme (like Spanish, Italian and Finnish) often feel frustrated by the chasm between spelling and pronunciation, and soon come to the conclusion that the written and spoken mediums of English have to be learned independently of each other. In doing so, the effort can be lessened considerably by resorting to a PHONETIC ALPHABET. This is a system of representation of speech in which each symbol stands for only one sound in an accurate way. For instance, the vowel sound which is written e in be, ee in feel, ea in pea and ie in field is represented by the phonetic symbol [i:]. The rendering of speech sounds using a phonetic alphabet is known as TRANSCRIPTION.

From the book Transcribing English. The nuts and bolts of phonemic transcription by Antonio Lillo, ed. Comares, pp. 1-2. I strongly recommend Antonio Lillo's book to know everything about phonemic and phonetic transcription.

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Preparing for the 'oposiciones': homographs

We say that two or more words are homographs when they are written the same, but pronounced differently. Here are some examples:

bow  /b@U/ - arco; lazo
bow   /baU/ - reverencia; proa

close  /kl@Us/ - cerca, junto a
to close  /kl@Uz/ - cerrar    
 
desert /"dez@t/ - desierto             
to desert  /dI"z3:t/ - desertar

house /haUs/ - casa          
to house  /haUz/ - albergar

job /dZQb/ - trabajo          
Job   /dZ@Ub/ - Job              

lead  /led/ - plomo              
to lead  /li:d/ - llevar, guiar, conducir            

live  /laIv/ - en directo             
to live /lIv/ - vivir      

minute /"mInIt/ - minuto                
minute  /maI"nju:t/ - diminuto
  
Polish /"p@UlIS/ - polaco
to polish  /"pQlIS/ - pulir            
 
to read /ri:d/ - leer
read  /red/ - pdo y participio pdo del verbo to read

(to) row  /r@U/ - fila, hilera; remar
row  /raU/ - pelea, riña

to sow  /s@U/ - sembrar
sow /saU/ - cerda

tear /tI@/ - lágrima
to tear  /te@/ - rasgar 

wind  /wInd/ - viento
to wind /waInd/ - dar cuerda; enrollar

wound  /wu:nd/ - herida
to wound  /waUnd/ - pdo y participio pdo del verbo to wind

Para homófonos, homónimos y ejercicios fonéticos, ver mi Manual de Pronunciación Inglesa Comparada con la Española, 5ª ed., Editorial Comares, pp. 185-193 y 271-289.

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Preparing for the 'oposiciones': pares mínimos

Entendemos por 'par mínimo' (minimal pair) dos palabras que se diferencian en su pronunciación sólo en un fonema:

PARES MÍNIMOS  /V/ - /Q/

buddy        amigote                          
body          cuerpo

cup          taza                                              
cop          policía

cut           cortar                              
cot           cuna

duck        pato                                
dock        muelle 

hut         cabaña                            
hot         caliente

luck       suerte                              

lock       cerradura

puppy    cachorro                          
poppy    amapola

rub         frotar                               
rob         robar

lung       pulmón                            
long       largo

rung       peldaño                            
wrong     equivocado

suck        chupar                              
sock        calcetín

shut        cerrar                               
shot        tiro

EJERCICIO 1

Completar con una palabra que contenga /V/

a)  You can buy her a pair of g______.

b) My mother lives on a farm in the  c_____.

c)  He’ll come to visit us next m______.

d)  Would you like some more b______ on your toast?

e)   Lovely weather for d_______ !

f) My son is getting married on S_______ and begins his h_______ on M______.

EJERCICIO 2

Completar con una palabra que contenga /Q/

a)   He’s got a cold and c______ a lot.

b)   There are too many p_____ and pans in the kitchen.

c)  Please l______ the door before you go to bed.

d)   She got l_______ in the fog.

e)  The q_______ of the service here has improved quite a l_______.

CLAVE

Ejercicio 1: a)  gloves; b) country; c) month; d) butter; e) ducks; f) Sunday, honeymoon, Monday.

Ejercicio 2: a) coughs; b) pots; c) lock; d) lost; e) quality, lot.

Para más pares mínimos, ver mi Manual de Pronunciación Inglesa Comparada con la Española, 5ª ed., Editorial Comares, pp. 137-183, y para más ejercicios fonéticos, pp. 271-289

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English isn't as easy as you think.

Aquí os dejo un divertido artículo que me acaba de reenviar mi sobrino Antonio Sánchez-Benedito, al que a su vez se lo envió Cristina Queipo de Llano, antigua alumna mía. Espero os guste.

English Isn't As Easy As You Think. This Guy Nails It.

bluebell

http://www.tickld.com/funny/t/763779

You think English is easy?

1) The bandage was wound around the wound.

2) The farm was used to produce produce.

3) The dump was so full that it had to refuse more refuse.

4) We must polish the Polish furniture..

5) He could lead if he would get the lead out.

6) The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the desert..

7) Since there is no time like the present, he thought it was time to present the present.

8) A bass was painted on the head of the bass drum.

9) When shot at, the dove dove into the bushes.

10) I did not object to the object.

11) The insurance was invalid for the invalid.

12) There was a row among the oarsmen about how to row.

13) They were too close to the door to close it.

14) The buck does funny things when the does are present.

15) A seamstress and a sewer fell down into a sewer line.

16) To help with planting, the farmer taught his sow to sow.

17) The wind was too strong to wind the sail.

18) Upon seeing the tear in the painting I shed a tear..

19) I had to subject the subject to a series of tests.

20) How can I intimate this to my most intimate friend?

Let's face it - English is a crazy language. There is no egg in eggplant, nor ham in hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple. English muffins weren't invented in England or French fries in France . Sweetmeats are candies while sweetbreads, which aren't sweet, are meat. We take English for granted. But if we explore its paradoxes, we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square and a guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor is it a pig.

And why is it that writers write but fingers don't fing, grocers don't groce and hammers don't ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, why isn't the plural of booth, beeth? One goose, 2 geese. So one moose, 2 meese? One index, 2 indices? Doesn't it seem crazy that you can make amends but not one amend? If you have a bunch of odds and ends and get rid of all but one of them, what do you call it?

If teachers taught, why didn't preachers praught? If a vegetarian eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian eat? Sometimes I think all the English speakers should be committed to an asylum for the verbally insane. In what language do people recite at a play and play at a recital? Ship by truck and send cargo by ship? Have noses that run and feet that smell?

How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? You have to marvel at the unique lunacy of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which, an alarm goes off by going on.

English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race, which, of course, is not a race at all. That is why, when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.

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Preparing for the oposiciones: fonética (pares mínimos

PARES MINIMOS

 Par mínimo: Dos palabras que se diferencian en su pronunciación sólo en un fonema. Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos con /i:/ - /I/:

cheap (barato) - chip (patata frita)

eat (comer) - it (ello)

eel (anguila) - ill (enfermo)

feel (sentir) - fill (llenar)

heal (curar) - hill (colina)

heat (calor) - hit (golpear)

meal (comida) - mill (molino)

reach (alcanzar)- rich (rico)

sheep (oveja) - ship (barco)

sleep (dormir) - slip (resbalar)

EJERCICIO 1

Completar los siguientes pares mínimos:

1.- sheet/........

2.- ...../bit

3.- ....../kill

4.- leak/ ........

5.- ........./pick

6.- feat/ ........

7.- ........../still

8.- ......../lip

9.- seal/........

10.- sleeper/..........

EJERCICIO 2

     

Completar con una palabra que contenga /i:/ o /I/:

1.- Did you r........ my letter?

2.- Would you like some ch.......?

3.- I never d..........whisky with my m........

4.- My uncle is i....... He has a bad cold.

5.- Have the p........caught the t......?

6.- He still lives by the m........on the h........

7.- I can see t.......green t....... on the f.......

8.- It's a p........Jim didn't pay the b.......

KEY

Ejercicio 1: shit; 2.- beat/beet; 3.- keel; 4.- lick; 5.- peak/pick; 6.- fit; 7.- steal/steel; 8.- leap; 9.- sill; 10.- slipper

Ejercicio 2: 1.- read; 2.- cheese; 3.- drink; meals; 4.- ill; 5.- police; thief; 6.- mill; hill; 7.- three; trees; field; 8.- pity; bill.

Para más ejemplos de pares mínimos con vocales, diptongos y consonantes, podéis consultar mi Manual de Pronunciación Inglesa Comparada con la Española, 5ª ed., ed. Comares, pp. 137-183, y para ejercicios fonéticos, pp. 271-289. 

    

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Preparing for the 'oposiciones': homophones

We say that two or more words are homophones when they are pronounced the same, v.g. hair (pelo)/hare (liebre), sea (mar)/to see (ver), son (hijo)/sun (sol); right (derecha; correcto)/to write (escribir)/rite (rito), etc.

EXERCISE

Find homophones for the following words:

1.- leak /li:k/ (gotera)
2.- sail /seIl/ (vela; zarpar)
 3.- through  /Tru:/  (a través de)
4.- wine /waIn/ (vino)
5.- horse /hO:s/ (caballo)
6.- grease /gri:s/ (grasa; gomina)
7.- seller /"sel@/ (vendedor)  
8.- night /naIt/ (noche)    
9.- dear  /dI@/ (querido; caro)  
10.- beach /bi:tS/ (playa)   
11.- bough /baU/ (rama)   
12.- break  /breIk/ (romper; pausa)  
13.- bear /"be@r@/ (oso; soportar)  
14.- die  /daI/ (morir)     
15.- mussel  /"mVs@l/ (mejillón)    
16.- so  /s@U/ (así)     
17.- need  /ni:d/ (necesitar)       
18.- rain /reIn/ (lluvia)         
19.- fair  /fe@/ (feria; bello; rubio; justo)       
20.- morning /"mO:nIN/ (mañana)         
 
KEY

1.- leek (puerro); 2.- sale (venta); 3.- threw (past of to throw - tirar, arrojar); 4.- to whine (gimotear, lloriquear); 5.- hoarse (ronco); 6.- Greece (Grecia); 7.- cellar (bodega); 8.- knight (caballero); 9.- deer (ciervo); 10.- beech (haya); 11.- bow (reverencia; proa); 12.- brake (freno); 13.- to bear (aguantar, soportar; parir); 14.- to dye (teñir); 15.- muscle (músculo); 16.- to sew (coser); to sow (sembrar); 17.- to knead (amasar); 18.- reign (reinado); rein (rienda); 19.- fare (billete, pasaje); 20.- mourning (luto).

For more homophones, see my Manual de Pronunciación Inglesa Comparada con la Española, 5ª ed., editorial Comares, pp. 185-191.

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Preparing for the 'oposiciones': Pronunciación de las grafías ou/our

Como es típico de la lengua inglesa, no hay reglas fijas, y las grafías ou y our pueden pronunciarse de varias maneras. Veamos los distintos casos de manera más detallada:

Pronunciación de ou:

/aU/

blouse – blusa

cloud – nube

to count – contar

doubt – duda

found – pdo y participio de to find – encontrar

house – casa

loud – alto

mouse – ratón

out - fuera

wound - pdo de to wind – dar cuerda

/V/

country – país; campo

couple – pareja

cousin – primo,-a

double – doble

southern – sur

to touch – tocar

trouble – problema; apuro

young – joven

/u:/

you – usted; tú

group – grupo

route - ruta

soup – sopa

wound – herida

youth - juventud

/U/

could – pdo de can

should – deber

would – pdo. de will

/@U/

poultry – aves de corral

shoulder – hombro

soul - alma

/@/

conscious – consciente

famous - famoso

generous – generoso

marvellous - maravilloso

moustache - bigote

previous – previo

Ver también pronunciación de ough/oughtpronunciación-de-la-grafía-ough

Pronunciación de our

/O:/

course – curso

court – corte; audiencia; pista (de tenis, baloncesto, etc.)

four – cuatro

mourning – luto

to pour – verter

resource – recurso

source – fuente

your  - su (de usted) (también /U@/)

/aU@/

to devour – devorar

flour – harina

hour – hora

to scour – fregar

sour - agrio

/V/

courage – valor

to flourish – florecer

to nourish - nutrir

/U@/

bourgeois – burgués

tour  - tour

tourist - turista

/3:/

courtesy – cortesía

journal – periódico; revista

journalist – periodista

journey – viaje

/@/

colour – color

flavour - sabor

honour – honor

humour – humor

neighbour - vecino

odour - olor

rumour – rumor

vigour – vigor

PRÁCTICA

Clasifica las siguientes palabras según se pronuncien las grafías ou/our:

to mourn – llorar la muerte de alguien

cloudy – nublado

touchstone – piedra de toque

neighbourhood – vecindario

bigamous – bígamo

mountain – montaña

tourism – turismo

souvenir -  recuerdo

nourishment – nutrición

journalism – periodismo

boulder - canto rodado

bouquet – aroma de vino

contour – contorno

mould – molde

hourly – cada hora

to bounce – rebotar

wounded – herido

county – condado

countryman – campesino

counter – mostrador

scourge – azote; plaga

rouge – colorete

camouflage – camuflaje

our - nuestro

parlour – salón

gourd – calabaza

foursome – grupo de cuatro personas

sourly – agriamente

pouring – torrencial (lluvia)

touchy – quisquilloso,-a

soulless – desangelado

boundary – límite

glorious – glorioso

courgette - calabacín

jealous - celoso, -a

CLAVE

/aU/      cloudy, mountain, to bounce, county, counter, boundary

/V/        touchstone, nourishment, countryman, touchy

/u:/       souvenir, wounded, rouge

/U/        bouquet, camouflage

/@U/      boulder, mould, soulless

/@/        neighbourhood, bigamous, parlour, glorious, jealous

/O:/       to mourn, foursome, pouring

/aU@/    hourly, sourly, our

/U@/      tourism, contour, gourd

/3:/       journalism, scourge, courgette

Para un estudio completo de la pronunciación de las distintas grafías, ver mi libro Manual de Pronunciación Inglesa Comparada con la Española, 5ª ed., Comares, Granada, pp. 213-241.

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Pronunciación de la grafía ow

No hay reglas fijas para la pronunciación de la grafía ow, que generalmente es /@U/ o /aU/, aunque hay algunas palabras, como knowledge, que se pronuncia con /Q/ y, en algunos casos, como row, por ejemplo, la pronunciación varía, según sea su significado. Veamos algunos ejemplos de cada caso:


/@U/

arrow - flecha
to blow - soplar
to borrow - tomar prestado
bow - arco; lazo
crow - cuervo
elbow - codo
fellow - individuo
to follow - seguir
to flow - fluir
gallows - horca
to glow - brillar (en la oscuridad)
to grow - crecer; cultivar
to know - saber; conocer
low - bajo
meadow - prado
to mow - segar
narrow - estrecho
to own - poseer
pillow - almohada
row - fila; hilera
to row - remar
shadow - sombra
slow - lento
to sow - sembrar
swallow - golondrina
to swallow - tragar
to throw - tirar
tomorrow - mañana
widow - viuda
willow - sauce
window - ventana

/aU/

to allow - permitir
(to) bow - (hacer una) reverencia; proa
brown - marrón
cow - vaca
crowd - multitud
(to) crown - coronar; corona
eyebrows - cejas
fowl - ave de corral
(to) growl - gruñir; gruñido
how - como/cómo
now - ahora
owl - búho
powder - polvo; pólvora
power - poder
row - riña
sow - cerda
towel - toalla
town - ciudad
tower - torre


/Q/

acknowledge - reconocer
acknowledgement - reconocimiento
knowledge - conocimiento

PRÁCTICA

Clasifica las siguientes palabras según se pronuncie la ow: clown (payaso); bowler hat (sombrero hongo); breakdown (avería); grower (cultivador); flower (flor); rower (remero); however (sin embargo); knowledge  (conocimiento); shallow (poco profundo); coward (cobarde); lower (más bajo; inferior); sower (sembrador); owner (propietario); shower (ducha); knowledgeably (con conocimiento de causa); mower (segador); bowels (entrañas); lowlands (tierras bajas); to drown (ahogarse); wheelbarrow (carretilla); to frown (fruncir el ceño); to avow (reconocer); vow (voto); sugar bowl (azucarero); bow (reverencia); glow-worm (luciérnaga); to glower (mirar con cara de enfado); unknown (desconocido); cowl (capucha de hábito de monje); to tow (remolcar); rainbow (arco iris); cowshed (establo), stowaway (polizón); trowel (palustre); to slow (reducir la velocidad); to howl (aullar); sparrow (gorrión); gown (bata; toga); grown-up - (adulto);  to acknowledge (reconocer); widower (viudo); vowel (vocal).

CLAVE

/@U/  bowler hat; grower; rower; shallow; lower; sower; owner; mower; lowlands; wheelbarrow; sugar bowl; glow-worm; unknown; to tow; rainbow; stowaway; to slow; sparrow; grown-up; widower 

/aU/ clown; breakdown; flower; however, coward; shower; bowels; to drown; to frown; to avow; vow; bow; to glower; cowl; cowshed; trowel; to howl; gown; vowel

/Q/ knowledge; knowledgeable; acknowledge

Para un estudio detallado de la pronunciación de las distintas grafías, ver mi Manual de Pronunciación Inglesa Comparada con la Española, 5ª ed., Comares, pp. 213-241.

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Pronunciación de las grafías u/ur/ure

PRONUNCIACIÓN DE LAS GRAFÍAS U/UR/URE

GRAFÍA u

     /V/                            

bug - insecto                          

butter - mantequilla
culture - cultura                  

to cut - cortar
dust - polvo                     

fun - diversión                                                    

nut - nuez
summer - verano                        

sun – sol                                                     

Sunday - domingo                                              

    /U/                                    

bull  - toro                    

bush  - arbusto                       

cushion  - cojín                      

full  - lleno
July - julio                     

to pull  - tirar                     

to push  - empujar                       

to put  - poner                     

sugar  - azúcar

        /u:/     

brute - bruto

June - junio

rude - grosero

super - súper 

                             

         /ju:/                                        

amusing - divertido                    

duty - deber                  

excuse - excusa                                                   

music - música
nude - desnudo (también  /u:/)

tune -melodía
to use - usar                                         

     /@/                                   

album  - album                       

autumn  - otoño
difficult  - difícil                      

luxury  - lujo                                                                

maximum  - máximo               

to suggest  - sugerir  

to supply  - abastecer                  

     /I/

business - negocio

busy - ocupado

                           

    /e/

to bury - enterrar

burial - entierro

                                              

GRAFÍA ur

      /3:/                                            

to burn - quemar                                                    

to burst - reventar
curtain - cortina                                                    

fur - piel                                           

to murder - asesinar                    

nurse - enfermera                    

to purr - ronronear                      

purse - bolso                          

to turn – torcer

     /@/

auburn  - castaño                   

surprise  - sorpresa                          

                                              

                  

GRAFÍA ure

      /U@/                                       

to assure - asegurar (afirmar)                     

to insure - asegurar (sacar un seguro)                               plural - plural                                                               

rural - rural                                                         

sure – seguro (también /SO:/)

     /jU@/         

allure - atractivo
to cure  - curar 
pure - puro                  

                                                                 

     /@/

culture - cultura

furniture - mobiliario

picture - cuadro

structure - estructura

PRÁCTICA

Clasifica las siguientes palabras según se pronuncien las grafías u/ur/ure: surgeon (cirujano), surprising (sorprendente), puddle (charco), pudding (pudin), publicity (publicidad), purple (púrpura), perfume (perfume), butcher (carnicero), nurse (enfermera), sunny (soleado), circus (circo), August (agosto), august (augusto), June (junio), July (julio), departure (salida), argument (discusión), menu (menú), support (apoyo), rude (grosero), spur (espuela), nature (naturaleza), plumber (fontanero), to bury (enterrar), cucumber (pepino), minute (minute), minute (diminuto),  curative (curativo), to suppose (suponer), burden (carga), culprit (culpable), pulpit (púlpito), insurance (seguro), puritan (puritano), pursuit (persecución), bullet (bala), huge (enorme), to brush (cepillar), bush (arbusto), putt (golpe corto en golf), jury (jurado), Thursday (jueves), cushion (cojín), buzz (zumbido), puss (gatito), duplicate (duplicado), bulletin (boletín), lettuce (lechuga), truth (verdad)

CLAVE

/U/ pudding, butcher, pulpit, July, bullet, bush, cushion, puss, bulletin
/u:/ June, rude, minute (diminuto), cucumber, truth
/V/ puddle, publicity, sunny, august (augusto), plumber, cucumber, culprit, putt, buzz
/3:/ surgeon, purple, nurse, spur, burden, Thursday
/@/ surprising, circus, August (agosto), departure, support, nature, pursuit, to suppose 
/jU/ argument, insurance
/ju:/ perfume, menu, cucumber, minute (diminuto), huge, duplicate
/jU@/ curative, puritan, curious, jury
/I/ minute (minuto), lettuce (tamb. /@/)
/e/ to bury

Para un estudio detallado de la pronunciación de las distintas grafías, ver mi Manual de Pronunciación Inglesa Comparada con la Española, 5ª ed., Comares, pp. 213-241.

                   

Read More